![]() Despite early English victories, the tide of the war eventually turned in favor of the French, who were able to rally under the leadership of figures such as Joan of Arc.Key battles included the Battle of Crecy in 1346, the Battle of Poitiers in 1356, and the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. The war led to a series of military campaigns and battles over the course of more than a century.As duke of Gascony, the English king pledged loyalty as a vassal to the French king, but when King Philip VI of France (1328–1350) seized Gascony in 1337, the duke of Gascony-King Edward III of England (1327–1377)-declared war on Philip. ![]() In the thirteenth century, England still held one small possession in France known as the duchy of Gascony.Nevertheless, with such a large overall population decline from the pandemic, wages soared in response to a labour shortage coupled with a rising inflation due to scarcity of food items.It has been suggested that the plague, like some others in history, disproportionately affected the poorest people, who were already in generally worse physical condition than the wealthier citizens.Florence’s woolen industry, one of the giants, had produced 70,000 to 80,000 pieces of cloth in 1338 in 1378, it was yielding only 24,000 pieces. Trade declined, and some industries suffered greatly. The deaths of so many people in the fourteenth century had severe economic consequences.It has been estimated that out of a total European population of around 75 million, as many as 38 million people died of the plague between 13. In England and Germany, entire villages simply disappeared of people.Everywhere the city was teeming with corpses.” “A great many breathed their last in the public streets, day, and night a large number perished in their homes, and it was only by the stench of their decaying bodies that they proclaimed their deaths to their neighbors.A common citizen of Florence wrote that,.Hardest hit were Italy’s crowded cities, where 50 to 60 percent of the people died. Mortality figures for the Black Death were incredibly high.It was the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, in terms of human lives lost, causing the deaths of 75–200 million people, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351 Bubonic plague was the most common and most important form of plague in the diffusion of the Black Death and was spread by black rats infested with fleas who were host to the deadly bacterium Yersinia pestis. In the mid-fourteenth century, a health disaster known as the Black Death struck in Asia, North Africa, and Europe.These men and women which began the renaissance age would greatly change how Europeans saw themselves and their world. In Italy, writers and artists began to express this new enthusiasm and began to experiment with different the ideas of classical Greece and Rome. Some people questioned the teachings of Catholic Church, which taught Christians to endure suffering in this world while they awaited their rewards in afterlife in heaven. They began to question institutions and customs of the Middle Ages, which had been unable to prevent war or to relieve suffering brought by the plague. Those who survived wanted to celebrate life and the human spirit. During the Middle Ages (6 th Century to 15 th Century), Europe suffered from both war and plague which lead to severe loss of life and misery among the Europeans.The term was first used by 15th-century scholars. The period of European history extending from about 500 to 1500 AD (6 th century to 15 th century) is traditionally known as the Middle Ages or the Dark ages of Europe.It occurred after the Crisis of the Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. It characterized by an effort to revive the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity of Greeks and Romans. It was a period of great artistic, literary, scientific, and philosophical achievements, and is considered one of the most important periods in European history. The European Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe, lasting until the 17th century.
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